• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The present invention describes an ABC filter system with a self-powered status indicator that provides an accurate indication of air flow rate and an emergency lighting function. According to the invention, there is provided an ABC filter system (10) comprising an ABC filter unit (16), a blower (20) and a self-powered status indicator (30). Here, the status indicator (30) comprises: an air turbine blade (32) mounted in the air path of the ABC filter system, a power generator (34) mechanically coupled to the air turbine blade (32), a control unit (38) and a human Machine interface (40). The power generator (34) provides electrical power to the control unit (38) and the man-machine interface (40). The control unit (38) provides status information via the man-machine interface (40), wherein at least the air flow rate is displayed. The ABC filter system may further include a light source (36). The power generator (34) also supplies electrical energy to the light source (36).
    公开号:CH714762A2
    申请号:CH00256/19
    申请日:2019-03-04
    公开日:2019-09-13
    发明作者:Koeger Samuel；Schneider Jonathan
    申请人:Beth Ei Zikhron Yaaqov Ind Ltd；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    description
    FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to an ABC filter system with a self-powered status display that provides an indication of air flow and an emergency lighting function. In particular, an ABC filter system with an air turbine, which is attached in the air path of the ABC filter system. The air turbine generates electricity for lighting and airflow data for a perceptible status display.
    BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Laws in Israel stipulate that residential units and public buildings, such as office buildings, shopping malls, industrial facilities, leisure centers, and the like, have an ABC-protected space for use in a state of emergency caused by war or natural disaster have to have ready. The protected space must have an ABC filter system that is dimensioned correctly so that it is adapted to the volume of the protected space and the expected number of people who are in the protected space during an emergency.
    The provisions particularly require that such private and public ABC filter systems should have an ABC filter unit, which consists of a particle filter and a gas adsorption filter, and an electric blower, which is suitable for a certain volume-related air exchange rate. Furthermore, the ABC filter system should be equipped with an additional manual device for air exchange, which can be operated with physical strength in the event of a power failure. The additional element for air exchange is usually designed as a manually operated bellows for the small systems for residential units, and for the larger systems in public facilities as a hand-operated fan. Typically, the additional manual air exchange unit of the larger systems has a speed-up gear, with an input shaft that is manually rotated with the hand crank, and an output shaft that engages the electrical blower to rotate it.
    For the small systems, an intuitively detectable display of a positive air flow is required, while a larger air flow meter is required for the larger systems. The main task of the air flow meter is to inform the users of the protected room, especially in times of a power failure, but also when electrical power is available, whether the blower motor or manual operation causes a correct amount of fresh air to be introduced into the protected room. An insufficient amount of airflow is of course not desirable for safety reasons, but too much airflow shortens the operating time of the adsorption filter and is therefore also undesirable.
    A further requirement of the legal regulations, which relates to the larger systems, provides for the presence of a light source which can be supplied with power manually by means of the above-mentioned hand crank in times of a power failure.
    Currently available ABC filter systems for large community shelters include a winged type mechanical air flow sensor located in the path of the air flow. The wing is balanced by a spring or weight which is tensioned or which increases as the air flow speed increases. The exposed end of the wing's hinge pin is attached to a pointer that moves in front of a scale to approximate the air flow through the filter system. The passive pointer must be constantly monitored by persons in the shelter or by the operator of the hand crank in order to control the power of the electric motor or the speed of rotation of the hand crank. The blower's electric motor is typically somewhat oversized, and a throttle valve is provided in the flow path to allow air flow to be reduced when electrical power is available and the blower causes excessive air flow.
    In order to facilitate the fulfillment of the lighting requirement, a small generator is mounted on the shaft of the blower, so that electrical power is generated even during manual operation.
    Both the lighting power generator and the passive flow meter are relatively expensive and complex, the production costs are high, and the reliability may decrease over time. Therefore, there is a need to further optimize the above prior art systems and to provide a cost-effective, reliable solution.
    SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Accordingly, it is a primary object of the present invention to overcome the disadvantages and limitations of the prior art systems and to provide an ABC filter system with a self-powered status display that provides an accurate indication of air flow and an emergency lighting function provides.
    According to the present invention, an ABC filter system is provided, which comprises an ABC filter unit, a blower and a status display with its own power supply. The status display includes: an air turbine blade, which is attached in the air path of the ABC filter system, a power generator, which is connected to the air turbine blade
    CH 714 762 A2 is mechanically coupled, a control unit and a human-machine interface. The power generator supplies electrical energy for the control unit and the human-machine interface. The control unit supplies status information via the human-machine interface, at least the air throughput being displayed.
    According to one aspect of the invention, the ABC filter system further comprises an additional air exchange unit. [0012] According to another aspect of the invention, the ABC filter system further comprises a light source. The power generator also supplies electrical energy for the light source.
    [0013] According to yet another aspect of the invention, the control unit also provides information relating to indoor air quality.
    BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The invention and the manner in which it may be carried out in practice will be understood with reference to the following illustrative figures, which are given by way of non-limiting example only, in which like reference numerals are the same Identify elements and where:
    1 is a front view of an ABC filter system in which a status indicator is used, according to an embodiment of the present invention;
    Figure 2 is a top view of the ABC filter system of Figure 1;
    3 is an enlarged side view of the blower section of an ABC filter system;
    Fig. 4 is a sectional view taken along line A-A in Fig. 3; and
    Figure 5 is a schematic block diagram of the components that make up the status indicator.
    DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS The present invention discloses an ABC filtering system that has a status indicator. The ABC filter system is typically located in shelters or community shelters. The status display provides information relating to the throughput of fresh air flowing into the shelter. In addition to the airflow data, the status display can also have an emergency lighting function. The invention will now be described in detail with reference to the figures.
    [0016] Reference is made to Fig. 1; it shows a front view of a simple ABC filter system, generally designated 10, typically used in large community shelters. FIG. 2 shows a top view of the ABC filter system of FIG. 1. The ABC filter system comprises a pre-filter 12 with a coarse filter fineness that is attached to an outer concrete wall 28 of the shelter, a flexible inlet line 14, an ABC filter unit 16, which typically has a particle filter and a gas adsorption filter, a flexible outlet line 18, and a blower 20, which is driven by an electric motor 26, and an additional manual air exchange unit 22. The ABC filter system sucks fresh outside air through a line 29 embedded in the concrete wall 28 into the filter system 10 and through an outlet tunnel 33 of the blower 20 into the protected space. The directions of the air flow at the inlet and outlet are indicated by arrows 31. The manual air exchange unit 22 is typically a speed increase gearbox that is operated with a hand crank 24 or a pedal (not shown) to power the fan 20 during a power failure. The flexible lines 14 and 16 can be connected directly to one another in order to bypass the ABC filter unit 16 if people are in the shelter, but no ABC protection is required. Newer ABC filter systems may have a changeover valve (not shown) for changing the operating mode of the ABC filter system 10 between a ventilation mode which is effective at normal times or in the event of a conventional danger, and an ABC protection mode which is active at a ABC hazard is effective.
    [0017] According to the present invention, an ABC filter system 10 with a status display with its own power supply, which is generally designated 30, is provided. The status indicator 30 is positioned at two main locations, which are circled in FIG. 1 and labeled B and C. The circle labeled B highlights a partial sectional view of the blower 20, and the circle labeled C highlights a user control panel that is visible or otherwise perceptible to those in the protected space. The user control panel is also visible to an operator of the hand crank 24 in times of a power failure or is perceptible in some other way. Status indicator 30 includes (in the circle labeled B) an air turbine blade 32 that is attached in the air path of the ABC filter system and a power generator 34 that is mechanically coupled to air turbine blade 32. The status display 30 further comprises (in the circle denoted by C) an optional light source 36, a control unit 38 and the user control panel, which comprises at least one human-machine interface 40. The power generator 34 provides electrical power to the light source 36, if any, the control unit 38 and the human-machine interface 40. The control unit 38 provides status information via the human-machine interface 40, the status information comprising at least one air flow rate that is caused by the fan 20, whether it is operated electrically, which is preferred, or manually due to a power failure.
    CH 714 762 A2 It goes without saying that the components shown in circle C can be positioned in the immediate vicinity of the components shown in circle B to form a single unit. Furthermore, the components that make up the status display can be separate or positioned in different groups, as long as the turbine blade 32 is positioned in the air path of the ABC filter system and the human-machine interface 40 is visible to the operator and the people in the shelter or is perceptible in some other way.
    [0019] Reference is made to Fig. 3; it shows, according to another implementation of the present invention, a side view of a fan 20 on a larger scale, which is attached to an ABC filter system, which comprises the status display, generally designated 30. Fig. 4 is a sectional view taken along line A-A in Fig. 3. As shown in Figs. 3 and 4, the additional manual air exchange unit 22 is a speed increasing gear that can be remotely operated in the event of a power failure using a belt or chain drive 25. The remote control enables the ABC filter system to be positioned at a high position, which saves space on the floor. Accordingly, the human-machine interface 40 is arranged below the fan 20 for good visibility. The hand crank (not shown) is arranged at an accessible height for proper operation by the people in the protected room.
    The partial section shown in Fig. 3 gives a view of the air turbine blade 32, which is mounted in the outlet tunnel 33 of the blower 20, and the power generator 34, which carries the air turbine blade 32, free. The power generator 34 is attached to the wall of the blower with a plurality of fins 52 that are substantially in the direction of the air flow to prevent the opening from being narrowed.
    For the man-machine interface 40, a liquid crystal display (LCD) can be used, which provides a visual display of the air flow. The visual display can be represented by numerals indicating a value of air flow or as a variable vector represented by dots that extends along the LCD, the length of the vector varying according to air flow. Optionally, a series of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) can be used for the human-machine interface, which ensures a visual display of the air throughput by the number of LEDs or the position of an LED that is switched on at a given air throughput. The light emitting diodes can be of different colors in order to identify the status of the air flow even more clearly.
    As explained above, the ABC filter system 10 has two modes of operation, a ventilation mode that is effective at normal times or in the event of a conventional hazard, and an ABC protection mode that is effective in the event of an ABC hazard. In the ABC protection mode, the air entering the protected space flows through the ABC filter unit 16, while in the ventilation mode the incoming air bypasses the ABC filter unit 16. The ABC filter unit 16 provides a certain, noticeable resistance to the air flow, therefore in the ventilation mode, if the ABC filter unit is bypassed, the blower 20 introduces a larger air flow rate into the protected space. [0023] According to the present invention, the control unit 38 can be provided with an input which recognizes the current operating mode of the ABC filter system 10. The control unit 38 can electronically adjust the speed of the electric motor 26 that drives the blower 20. Alternatively, the control unit 38 can provide the human-machine interface 40 with the correct value in both operating modes. The persons in the protected room then still have to control the air flow, but without it being necessary to interpret the display value of the human-machine interface 40. In a simpler embodiment, the LED arrangement can optionally have two rows of LEDs or two areas of colored LEDs, each of which is identified as being suitable for one operating mode. The persons in the protected room must then control the air flow with interpretation of the displayed value of the human-machine interface 40 in accordance with the actual operating mode.
    Reference is made to FIG. 5, which shows a schematic block diagram of the status display 30; for example, the human-machine interface 40 can have six LEDs 42, which are organized in a row and light up in succession in a sequence. For example, the first pair of LEDs, for example on the left side of the human-machine interface 40, may consist of red LEDs which, when one of them is lit, indicate that insufficient air flow is being introduced into the protected room. For example, the second pair of LEDs, for example in the middle position, can consist of green LEDs which, when one of them is lit, indicate that the air flow rate is correct. For example, the third pair of LEDs, on the left side of man-machine interface 40, may consist of blue LEDs which, when one of them is lit, indicate that excessive air flow is being introduced into the protected room. When one of the blue LEDs is lit, the operator can reduce the speed of the crank handle 24 and thus extend the operating time of the adsorption filter and save physical energy in order to allow a longer manual operation of the crank handle.
    Optionally, as indicated above, the LED arrangement can have two areas of colored LEDs, each of which is identified as being suitable for an operating mode. In such a case, for example, the three LEDs on the left side of the status display 40 indicate the status of the throughput during the filtration mode, while the three LEDs on the right side of the status display 40 indicate the status of the throughput during the ventilation mode , The middle LED of each of the groups shows the correct throughput for the respective operating mode. The persons in the protected room must then control the air flow with interpretation of the displayed value of the human-machine interface 40 in accordance with the actual operating mode. It is understood that other implemen
    CH 714 762 A2 cations of the LED arrangement are possible, such as a circular, clock-like arrangement, or several or even just one LED, which changes color. In yet another implementation, the human-machine interface 40 may be a voice synthesizer that periodically announces a status message, or at least when the air flow is insufficient.
    [0026] Reference is also made to FIG. 5; the schematic block diagram contains main components and optional components of the air filter system 10 and the status display 30. The block denoted by 74 contains the components to which mains voltage is present, such as the blower 20, the speed regulator 76 of the blower motor and the main mains switch 78. The one marked 80 Dashed arrow represents the air flow that flows between the fan 20 and the turbine blade 32. The generator 34 can be a permanent magnet direct current generator (DC generator) with brushes, or a brushless permanent magnet alternating current generator (AC generator). If an AC generator is used, a rectifier 62 is required to convert the alternating current to direct current, otherwise the rectifier 62 can be omitted. Rectifier 62 may be a diode type full bridge rectifier as shown in FIG. 5 or a half bridge rectifier as is known in the art. Modern active rectifiers can also be used which use controlled FET transistors instead of diodes to reduce power losses on the rectifier.
    Preferably, the wave frequency at the output of the generator 34 is transmitted via a conductor 66 to a counter input of the control unit 38. Optionally, the voltage at the output of generator 34 or rectifier 62, if used, is transmitted through an optional conductor 72 and conductor 66 to an analog input of control unit 38 for processing and determining the air flow. A DC-DC converter 64 is used to convert the variable input voltage to a fixed voltage suitable for the proper operation of the light source, control unit and human-machine interface 40. When sufficient air flow is introduced into the protected space, the control unit 38 turns on the light source 36 using a field effect transistor (FET) switch 70 or other electronic switching device. The light source 36 is typically a highly efficient, energy-saving light emitting diode (LED) that provides 50 lumens (Im) of emitted visible light. Currently available lighting LEDs have a luminous efficacy of over 150 Im / W, therefore only a third of a watt is required for the light source 36. A hand switch 68 may be provided to enable the control unit to override the decision and to switch the light source on or off as desired.
    Optionally, a feedback bus or a feedback line 82 can be used which connects the control unit 38 and the engine speed controller 76, if the control unit 38 is intended to control the speed of the fan 20 by the engine speed controller 76. The feedback line 82 can also provide the control unit with an input which recognizes the operating mode of the ABC filter system. Such an input enables the control unit to electronically adapt the speed of the fan to both the ventilation mode and the filtration mode. If the above options are implemented, as long as mains power is available, the air flow can be adjusted automatically without intervention by the people in the shelter. Otherwise, as mentioned above, the speed of the fan can be manually adjusted using the knob 84 of the engine speed controller 76 to change the speed until a correct indication of the air flow rate is achieved by the status indicator 30. The motor speed controller 76 may be a dimmer that uses a phase angle control method, as is known in the art, to adjust the electrical power that is supplied to the blower motor.
    In operation, the control unit 38 calculates the air flow as a function of an output signal generated by the generator 34. The output signal can be the generated voltage, which is suitable for DC and AC generators, or the generated wave frequency, which is suitable in the case of an AC generator. Because light source 36 typically consumes more power than both control unit 38 and human-machine interface 40, the load on the generator increases significantly when the light source is turned on. As a result, for a given air flow rate, generator 34 will generate different voltages or frequencies depending on whether the light source is on or off. In order to overcome the influence of the load on the measured voltage or frequency, the control unit uses two different functions to calculate the air flow. A first function is used when the light source is switched off and a second function is used when the light source is switched on. Optionally, the calculated values of the two functions can be stored in a data array in an internal memory of the control unit, which eliminates the need to repeat the calculations continuously.
    The switch 68 or an optional additional switch can also be used to calibrate the system during production. The calibration can be performed by supplying a precisely determined air flow through the fan blade 32, reading the measured result from the control unit and setting this result as the correct air flow for future use by pressing the switch 68. The process can be carried out twice, first to set the correct display value of the air flow during the ventilation mode and second to set the correct display value of the air flow during the filtration mode.
    If a few environmental sensors are additionally provided, the control unit 38 can also provide information relating to the indoor air quality. Air quality data can include humidity, temperature, C02 content, and CO content. The recorded data can be processed together with the air flow
    CH 714 762 A2 to determine more precisely the required air flow into the protected space, thereby saving physical effort that the crank operator needs in the event of a power failure.
    权利要求:
    Claims (15)
    [1]
    Optionally, the status indicator may further include a USB socket connected to the power generator 34 via the DC-DC converter 64 or another DC-DC converter designed to provide an output voltage of 5 volts. The USB socket powered by the power generator 34 can be used to power or charge devices such as flashlights or smartphones.
    It will be appreciated that the particular embodiments of the present invention described above and illustrated in the accompanying drawings have been presented by way of example only. Other variations, modifications, and applications of the present invention will readily occur to those skilled in the art. It is therefore made clear that all such variants are considered to be included in the scope and in the basic idea of the invention. Accordingly, the protection claimed here is set out in the following claims.
    claims
    1. ABC filter system, which is an ABC filter unit; a blower and a self-powered status indicator, the status indicator comprising: an air turbine blade mounted in the air path of the ABC filter system; a power generator mechanically coupled to the air turbine blade; a control unit; and a human-machine interface, wherein the power generator provides electrical energy for at least the control unit and the human-machine interface, and wherein the control unit provides status information via the human-machine interface, wherein this status information comprises at least one air flow rate.
    [2]
    2. ABC filter system according to claim 1, further comprising an additional air exchange unit.
    [3]
    3. ABC filter system according to claim 1, further comprising a light source, wherein the power generator also provides electrical energy for the light source.
    [4]
    4. ABC filter system according to claim 1, wherein the human-machine interface comprises a liquid crystal display which provides a visual display of the air flow.
    [5]
    5. ABC filter system according to claim 1, wherein the human-machine interface comprises a series of light emitting diodes, which provides a visual display of the air flow.
    [6]
    6. ABC filter system according to claim 5, wherein the LEDs are of different colors.
    [7]
    7. ABC filter system according to claim 1, wherein the human-machine interface is a speech synthesizer that announces a message at least when the air throughput is insufficient.
    [8]
    8. ABC filter system according to claim 3, wherein the light source is a highly efficient, energy-saving light emitting diode.
    [9]
    9. ABC filter system according to claim 1, wherein the control unit calculates the air flow as a function of an output signal generated by the generator.
    [10]
    10. ABC filter system according to claim 9, wherein the output signal is selected between the generator frequency and the generator voltage.
    [11]
    11. ABC filter system according to claim 9, wherein the control unit uses two different functions for calculating the air flow, wherein a first function is used when the light source is switched off and a second function is used when the light source is switched on.
    [12]
    12. ABC filter system according to claim 9, wherein the values of the functions are stored as a data array in a memory of the control unit.
    [13]
    13. ABC filter system according to claim 1, wherein the control unit further provides information relating to indoor air quality.
    [14]
    14. The ABC filter system of claim 13, wherein the indoor air quality information includes data selected from the group consisting of: humidity; Temperature; Content of C02; and content of CO.
    [15]
    15. ABC filter system according to claim 1, wherein the control unit is provided with an input that recognizes an operating mode of the ABC filter system, wherein the control unit electronically adjusts the speed of the fan.
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    引用文献:
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    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
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